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|image_symbol = NAFTA logo.svg |symbol_width = 200 px |image_map = North American Agreement (orthographic projection).svg |map_width = 200px |admin_center_type = Administration centers |admin_center = |languages_type = Languages |languages = |membership = |established_event1 = Formation |established_date1 = January 1, 1994〔(NAFTA Secretariat ). Nafta-sec-alena.org (June 9, 2010). Retrieved on July 12, 2013.〕 |area_magnitude = 1 E13 |area_km2 = 21,578,137 |area_sq_mi = 8,331,362 |percent_water = 7.4 |population_estimate = 471,964,016 |population_estimate_year = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 23.5 |population_density_sq_mi = 54.3 |GDP_PPP = $20.162 trillion |GDP_PPP_year = 2013 (IMF) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $42,719 |GDP_nominal = $19.951 trillion |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 (IMF) |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $42,272 |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2011 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.868 |HDI_ref = 〔Calculated using UNDP data for the member states. If considered as a single entity, NAFTA would rank 23rd among the other countries.〕 |official_website = }} The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA; Spanish: ''Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte'', ''TLCAN''; French: ''Accord de libre-échange nord-américain'', ''ALÉNA'') is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral (rules-based ) trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. It superseded the Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement between the U.S. and Canada. NAFTA has two supplements: the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC) and the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC). == Negotiation and U.S. ratification == Following diplomatic negotiations dating back to 1990 among the three nations, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Mexican President Carlos Salinas, each responsible for spearheading and promoting the agreement, ceremonially signed the agreement in their respective capitals on December 17, 1992. The signed agreement then needed to be ratified by each nation's legislative or parliamentary branch. The Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement had been very controversial and divisive in Canada, and the 1988 Canadian election was fought almost exclusively on that issue. In that election, more Canadians voted for anti-free trade parties (the Liberals and the New Democrats) but the split caused more seats in parliament to be won by the pro-free trade Progressive Conservatives (PCs). Mulroney and the PCs had a parliamentary majority and were easily able to pass the 1987 Canada-U.S. FTA and NAFTA bills. However, he was replaced as Conservative leader and prime minister by Kim Campbell. Campbell led the PC party into the 1993 election where they were decimated by the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien, who had campaigned on a promise to renegotiate or abrogate NAFTA; however, Chrétien subsequently negotiated two supplemental agreements with the new U.S. president. In the US, Bush, who had worked to "fast track" the signing prior to the end of his term, ran out of time and had to pass the required ratification and signing of the implementation law to incoming president Bill Clinton. Prior to sending it to the United States Senate Clinton added two side agreements, The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), to protect workers and the environment, plus allay the concerns of many House members. It also required U.S. partners to adhere to environmental practices and regulations similar to its own. After much consideration and emotional discussion, the House of Representatives passed the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act on November 17, 1993, 234-200. The agreement's supporters included 132 Republicans and 102 Democrats. The bill passed the Senate on November 20, 1993, 61-38.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=H.R.3450 – North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act )〕 Senate supporters were 34 Republicans and 27 Democrats. Clinton signed it into law on December 8, 1993; the agreement went into effect on January 1, 1994.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= NAFTA Timeline )〕 Clinton, while signing the NAFTA bill, stated that "NAFTA means jobs. American jobs, and good-paying American jobs. If I didn't believe that, I wouldn't support this agreement." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「North American Free Trade Agreement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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